R Correlational Research
A.
Definition of Correlational
Research
According to
Arikunto, Suharsimi, correlational research is one of description research.
Correlational research is the research that used by researcher to find out or
to know relationship among two or more variables, without make a changing or
adding or manipulation data that has existed. Suharsimi said that there are two
types of correlational research, they are parearel correlation and cause and
consequence correlational research.
Ø Pararel correlational research
This type can help the researcher
to know relation between two variable, the researcher only collect the data and
the researcher will find the relation between.
Ø Cause and Consequence
Correlational Research.
Different with the previous type,
this type try to know relation between two variable to determine whether is there
any influences between each other.
B.
Purposes
of Correlational Research
o Correlational studies are carried
out either to help explain important human behaviors or to predict likely
outcomes.
o If a relationship of sufficient
magnitude exists between two variables, it becomes possible to predict a score
on one variable if a score on the other variable is known.
o The variable that is used to make
the prediction is called the predictor variable.
o The variable about which the
prediction is made is called the criterion variable.
o Both scatterplots and regression
lines are used in correlational studies to predict score on a criterion variable
o A predicted score is never exact.
As a result, researchers calculate an index of prediction error, which is known
as the standard error of estimate.
C. Formulating
the Aims of the Research
The aim of your research should reflect the aspirations and
expectations of the research topic. Example of an aim is shown below:
§ To
evaluate the mature students' experience of higher education: motivations,
expectations (Walters, M, 1996, PhD Manchester University)
D. Formulating
the Problems
Formulating the research problem and hypothesis acts as a major
step or phase in the research methodology. In research, the foremost step that
comes into play is that of defining the research problem and it becomes almost
a necessity to have the basic knowledge and understanding of most of its
elements as this would help a lot in making a correct decision. The research
problem can be said to be complete only if it is able to specify about the unit
of analysis, time and space boundaries, features that are under study, specific
environmental conditions that are present in addition to prerequisite of the
research process.
A research problem can belong to one of the following two
categories – it can belong to the category in which there can be relationships
between various variables or it may belong to the other category, which is
based on nature. In the beginning, it is important for a researcher to find out
the general interest or the subject matter, which he wants to study. By this
the researcher will be able to state a problem more broadly and also in a much
generalized form then the ambiguities linked to the problem can be referred and
understood. This really supports in the formulation of a problem of a research.
Although this process is not that simple and requires many fruitful discussions
in order to achieve a proper conclusion or a decision.
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