Language is a human system of communication that
uses arbitrary signals, such as voice sounds, gestures, or written
symbols.language is used as a communication tool for sharing information with
others.
Cognition is a term referring to the mental
processes involved in gaining knowledge and comprehension. These processes
include thinking, knowing, remembering, judging, and problem-solving. These are
higher-level functions of the brain and encompass language, imagination,
perception, and planning. Actually there are two views of experts on the
relationship between language and cognition. Piaget argued that a child's
knowledge and observations lead to the emergence of a language development.
without cognition, there will be no one language. in other words, language is a
reflection of the development of cognition. Different views of Vygotsky about
the importance of cultural and social environment by learning the language.
although the strength is very important cognition, language that would affect
child cognition. With language, children will make interpretation on the
surrounding environment. *007ALanguage which triggers the interpretation that would
then encourage children to think. Language and cognition influence each other,
without either language or cognition will not be developed.
Language Acquisition or How people learn language is the
process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend
language, as well as to produce and use words to communicate.
There are two types of
language learning, naturalistic and formal learning. The first naturalistic, is
natural and unconsciously. It occurs in the environment of society and started
from the beginning (when a child has not mastered any language) and the
development of language acquisition is in line with the physical and
psychological development.
Second language
acquisition is not same with the first language acquisition. Here students had
to master their first language well and the development of second language
acquisition is not in line with the physical and psychological development. It
conducted formally and the motivation of students in general is not too high
because a second language is not used for everyday communication in their
community.
Generally the role of
formal teaching of second language acquisition is designed for achieve the
goals that students masters their second language, suffice the sub skills as
speaking, listening, reading, and writing even they could appreciate the
literature works for every needs.
Classroom as a place for
teaching and learning process, is really important especially for the beginner
who have not more input from their informal environment. So it means that
classroom should provide the activities that give more inputs for the students
progress.
A teacher needs to
understand the true purpose of the teaching of second language, to master the
various strategies for different purposes, has the capability required the
development of teaching materials, and has the ability to choose or develop
evaluation tools and techniques as appropriate.
The student is a central
element in teaching. All materials and learning activities also evaluation
should be designed and implemented in accordance with the conditions and needs
of students. The success of the second language held a large part determined by
the student. There are several factors that influence; student motivation,
ability, attitude, self concept, strong responsibility, and learning styles.
Student is not the teaching object but a subject, who thinks solve problems,
operate, and make decisions, and so on.
In teaching should be
appropriate to the students needs, students' abilities, and students interests
to the material to be delivered.
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